Media Influence on the People free essay sample

The US government used media in various ways during the First World War, to manipulate the public to support their purpose. The reason that the majority of people in the US had common views throughout the First World War was because of the media influence. When the US was under the neutrality agreement, the media helped people feel good about being neutral. However, when the time came for the US to join the war, the media suddenly changed and tried to gain public support in favor of joining the war. During the war, however, to keep the home front happy, the media had to portray the war in a way that made the people forget the previous reasons for not joining the war. The newspapers were also highly censored so that the people would not know the entire truth about where their families had been sent to. This was to keep people from revolting after they had joined the war. The US, being one of the most diverse nations, needed a way in to portray the war in a way that would gain the approval of the majority of the people, to prevent civil unrest. The US media ended up sugar-coating the war so much that the common people did not know that the war had as devastating effects as it did. Only after the war had completely ended, did the common people of the US realize the effects it had had on the country and on the rest of the world. Although some argue that the media hid the truth from the people, it was all done for the general good. The US had chosen a way that would not worry the people and protect the home front, instead of a way that would let the people know the reality of the war, but worry them about something that was inevitable. President Wilson established the Committee on Public information, an organization which, under the direction of a journalist named George Creel, became unlike any organization before conceived in warfare. Wilson had chosen Creel, on the basis of a letter which he had written to him. In this letter, Creel addressed the debate: how much ensorship to impose on the media. Creel said that he was against censorship, other than what the newspapers would enforced on themselves, after they had been convinced of the need for it. Creel wanted to bring the media into â€Å"unparalleled openness†. Meaning, the kind of information they would allow the public to see, would have never been shown before. However, Creel was against the publication of anything that he considered being enemy propaganda. He was only in favor of the publication of information that would help unite the people in the country. In Creel’s own words, he wrote that he wished for an opportunity to create â€Å"a publicity proposition, a vast enterprise in salesmanship, and the world’s greatest adventure in advertising. † At this, President Wilson put the whole censorship propaganda question under Creel’s supervision in 1917. It was because of this decision that the purpose of the American propaganda, the media, was to shape the American public opinion and unify the people’s views. At the outbreak of World War 1 in 1914, the United States president, Woodrow Wilson, declared the United States neutral. The government used the newspapers the most to publicize information. Newspapers were the most influential form of media at this time. There were about 2,500 newspapers available in the country, at this time. Almost everybody could read. The costs of periodicals were low so almost everybody could afford them, radio and movies were still in experimental stages and television was two decades away. President Wilson’s decision on remaining neutral claimed popular amongst the public, especially the German-American and the Irish-American population. The people viewed the First World War as a European civil war, and they felt that there was no reason for the US to interfere. The US media had to support this decision by making the war seem futile. As soon as the news of the horrors of the world war reached the United States, the government was assured that they had made the right decision in remaining neutral. By showing the horrors of the war to the US public, the government gained support in their decision of remaining neutral. The propaganda techniques used at this time were publishing numbers of dead people due to the war etc. Also, to make the US public feel supported in this decision, the government of the US revealed that 105 nations had chosen to favor the Allies, only 20 had favored the Central Powers and over 240 nations had declared neutrality. Even though the war had started in 1914, the US only joined in 1917 because the media portrayed it so that it looked like the US did not have an earlier involvement in the war. The propaganda when the US joined the war portrayed ideals that nobody could disagree upon such as Freedom, Justice, Democracy and Christianity. The United States army was quite small in the spring of 1917. However, when the US had decided to join the war, they had to use propaganda to get men to enlist for service in the army. There were various posters displayed across the country, in newspapers, magazines, and posted in various public areas. To get men to enlist, the posters portrayed military service as heroic. There were images in which they made the men who stayed back look like cowards. In one of the posters, for example, there was a man looking out the window at the army marching. On the poster, it was written â€Å"On which side of the window are you? † This technique made the men feel obligated to sign up because if they didn’t, society would look down upon them. The men who didn’t sign up would feel like they were left out of the glory, as the victorious soldiers would proudly march. Even though it seems like a harsh way to make people join, the government was only thinking about the good of the public, as having a weak army would eventually fall heavy on the people. Another example of propaganda is the â€Å"Uncle Sam† poster which was first introduced during WW1. It says â€Å"I want YOU for the U. S. Army†. This technique of propaganda made the message personal, so that when somebody looked at it, they felt that the message was personally directed towards them. The media went so far in some posters, as to portray the war as an â€Å"opportunity to explore foreign lands†, that they would otherwise, not get to see. Although some argue that some propaganda techniques were immoral and were lies to the people, this is not true. The US media never lied to the people; it only modified the truth so that the negative aspects were not shown to the people. This was all done in the best interest of the people because if the negative aspects of the war were shown, there would nobody who enlisted for the military and the US would lose the war, resulting in a negative way for the people. Also, publishing every aspect of the war for the public would lead to many split opinions and civil disturbances. After joining the war, the United States propaganda had next to no limits. Men, Women, even children, were subjects in all propaganda techniques, in an effort to bring the country together. By the time the United States joined the war, all newspapers and magazines in the country that prosecuted the war or supported the British or French governments, were forced to close down. The government was granted this power under the Title 1,  section 1, 2, and 3 of Title 12 of the Espionage Act (signed by President Wilson on June 13, 1917). The previous brutality of the war was censored and the people were unaware of what happened on the actual battlefields, during the war. More of the country was made to encourage the war. Apart from the men who had been recruited as soldiers, the people back home were also called upon to help with the war. Women were encouraged to generate feelings of patriotism throughout the United States. This was carried out by making women knit socks for the soldiers in the war. Even though the textile factories made the uniforms for the soldiers, the women were encouraged to knit so that they could feel a part of the US pride. Posters with writings such as â€Å"Our boys need sox, knit your bit† were put up. The women, who knit these socks, did not actually know that they were not knitting for the army, but just to feel patriotic—this was just a propaganda technique. Women were offered other jobs such as being nurses and phone operators. Men, who had not enlisted for the war also, had work to do. Through posters, radio, newspapers etc. the men who did not enlist in the war were convinced to come and work in the industrial aspects, building ships or tanks for the army. The posters that were made for this purpose showed pictures of tanks and ships and the message they gave was that industrial work was just as important as military service. The government of the United States also needed a lot of help from its people, financially, during the war. To finance the war, the US government borrowed money from its people by selling â€Å"Liberty Bonds†. These bonds would be paid back to the people with interest. The first bond drive was short of its goals, so the government began an aggressive campaign to convince the Americans to subscribe. The propaganda used to make people buy bonds was quite dreadful, at times. Many posters showed pictures of dying European children and how buying bonds will help end their misery. Posters played garishly on the guilt people should feel on the home front. They displayed pictures of dead soldiers and wrote â€Å"They made their last great sacrifice, Are we, as Americans, doing our part? † The Liberty Bond propaganda campaigns focused closely on the immigrants in the US. America had given them liberty, the poster reminded them; now it was their duty to buy bonds to help preserve it. Children could not afford to buy liberty bonds, so to encourage them to support the war, the government sold war savings stamps that were only worth ten cent. Similar to war bonds, the stamps paid interest. This taught the children not only about patriotism, but also about the importance of saving, so it benefitted the youth. Media censorship was a huge part of the government tactics during the First World War. Even the people knew that there would be changes in their liberties, in a state of war. Images that might have revealed troop movements or military capabilities, pictures that were liable to be used in enemy propaganda or documents that could affect the military or public morale were completely censored. Propaganda is most effective if public access to truth is severely restricted, as it was in the war. In the early stages of the war, the government controlled the amount of information available to the press, since newspaper correspondents were not allowed to the front and military leaders did not think the public had a right to know about military activities. The government had to prevent their military secrets from reaching the enemies. If military strategies leaked out, they would obviously become ineffective. Censorship was seen as â€Å"protecting free speech from tyranny†. Information was not only restricted, it was also structured. Much of what reached the public was distorted and exaggerated for propagandist ends, through activities of newspaper editors. They often subordinated their responsibility of providing accurate information to other obligations which were to do with carrying out their patriotic duty: the duty to persuade men to fight, to keep up morale, to inspire patriotism and continually denigrate the enemy. Information was structured to fit the widespread demand at the time, which was to justify the war and assist with recruitment of soldiers. Freedom of speech was also limited. The Sedition Act, passed in May 1918 extended punishable speech, including punishment for any who â€Å"shall willfully utter, print, or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government of the United States, or the military or naval forces of the United States. Under this law, 2200 people were charged, 1055 were convicted. None of them served full terms in jail. The sentences were only a threat to people and it worked in everyone’s benefit because if anybody spoke against the nation, they did not want the negative word to spread. By excluding publication details of the war so that they would affect civilian or military morale, or could provide useful information to the enemy, censorship contributed to a distorted picture of the war, which ended up benefitting th e people in the US. Propaganda in the US during world war one may have seemed extreme to many people, but with all the ways that it helped unify the country, get men to enlist and give hope to everyone, it was not such a bad thing. It is better to use propaganda than to force the men to enlist in the army. Propaganda is just a technique to convince someone to do something—it is much better than forcing the government’s will onto people by law. One of the core reasons for propaganda in America during the First World War was to provide indisputable justification for the war. The media helped build up a denigrating image of the enemy so that the entire nation could have a unified voice of hatred against them. Educational Socialist Propaganda, used in schools, also taught about the enemy and promoted the war. Furthermore, censorship was used during the war was to protect the people. The military kept many things confidential and secret during the war, so that America would not have to suffer a loss. Overall, the effect of propaganda in the media during the First World War, in the United States, had a positive impact on the people, and helped with the final victory of the Allied Powers.

Cream free essay sample

Cream is long gone but will always be remembered. EricClapton, Ginger Baker and Jack Bruce united their talents to create quitepossibly the greatest band ever. The teaming of these men was as powerful andexplosive as an atomic blast. Each brought his special talent into the band andset the stage for greatness. Creams first single, WrappingPaper, is a jiving tune that transforms a room into a magical place of edgyintense rhythm. Another great song is I Feel Free, its intricatestructure weaving a maze of sound through your ears and putting you in anotherplace without physical being but extreme energy. Probably one of the best-knownCream songs is Sunshine of Your Love, which became their anthem ofgreatness and will always be heard hummed by a person walking down the street.Unfortunately, the same powerful spirit and personalities that created Creamsexplosive chemistry broke them up after heavy touring. If they had stayedtogether longer, they would have most certainly joined the ranks of legendarybands like Led Zeppelin. We will write a custom essay sample on Cream or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Fall Of Man Essays - Adam And Eve, Bereshit, Book Of Genesis

Fall Of Man The "fall of man" as seen described in the first book of the Holy Bible, Genesis, is portrayed as a sinister act. The fact that Eve fell into temptation seems to be the foundation on which everyone bases his or her misplaced chance at paradise. What many people fail to see is that much good came from the"fall of man", and should be thanking Eve for choosing to fall into sin. Without Eve we would not have the concept of free will, "good" would have never existed without "bad", people would not have adapted and would have been satisfied with their original surroundings, and we would act automatically without any thought. Man would be and just be. "'You will not die. For God knows that when you eat of it, your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.'" When the serpent tempts Eve, she is given the chance to choose to eat from the tree of knowledge. She chooses to eat and share her fruit with Adam. When they eat of the tree, their eyes are opened and they both realize that they are without clothes. This is the point at which man recognizes the concept of free will. Now that Adam and Eve know the difference between "good" and "bad," they have the responsibility of making choices. As opposed to the choices being made for them by their creator, God, before they ate of the tree of knowledge. We now have the power to choose what we want and not the way fate, or God, directs. Many people can also argue that"good" cannot exist without "bad." There would have never been a difference unless Eve ate of the tree. We would be like children. We would sin and not know. You can look at it like two extremes, black or white. The color white is made up of all colors and can only be a color if colors existed. Same with the color black, black is the absence of all colors but can only be described that way if there were colors. We can only be described as "good" if there were "bad" in the world and strayed from it. Besides gaining free will and "good "or "bad," we were able to explore the globe and settle. If Adam and Eve would have never eaten the apple, they would be satisfied with their surroundings. The fact that God banished them from the Garden of Eden forced Adam and Eve to propagate, and forced offspring to explore and settle the globe. This is where all the great explorers come into play. Christopher Columbus had the opportunity to discover a part of the world, just as Ferdinand Magellan had the good fortune of circumnavigating the globe for the Catholic Church. As a result of travel, we were able to grow physically and mentally. Like in The Odyssey, Odysseus has to travel to several islands and other interesting places to find himself. Without the knowledge of "good" and"bad" we would only do what we are told and not what we choose. Exactly like Adam and Eve were treated while they were housed in the Garden of Eden. We would have automatic motions, motions without any thought or hesitation. We would obey blindly. The human race would look like robots controlled by remotes, God being the lucky bearer of the remote controls and us being the robots. The "fall of man" is inarguably a good thing. Man would not have all the things and thoughts we have today. The human race would be stuck; there would be no movement to advance the human race culturally, mentally, and scientifically. The knowledge of "good" and "bad" make us what we are. Without it everyone would be too similar. The world would be perfect. Man would be and just be boring.

Centralized vs. Decentralized Methods in IT †Current Issues Research Paper

Centralized vs. Decentralized Methods in IT – Current Issues Research Paper Free Online Research Papers Centralized vs. Decentralized Methods in IT Current Issues Research Paper Centralization of information technology resources refers to organizing all technology related services into a single business unit that then provides services to the entire organization. An excellent non-IT example of this practice is the method in which major airlines centralize their flights through hubs. Instead of flying directly from every airport to every other one, the connections are centralized through the hubs to make things run more efficiently. With the wave of information technology that has surged through the business world in the last decade or so great opportunities for rethinking the way organizations work is possible. In particular, the old mode of centralized authority has been severely undermined. Not because information technology in itself has great value but rather technology has allowed for aggressive out-of-the box thinking and method approaches that were once thought impossible. Decentralization on the other hand gives individual business units the responsibility for control over local IT resources with little or no consideration of other units. However there is value in the hierarchical decision-making structure that centralized offers. With no help in coordinating all technology decisions business units would otherwise have to make do on their own (or hire someone else to make for them). One of the most important things that decentralization is enabling is the ability for decision-making to be far more widely dispersed in both large and small firms. With cheaper communication costs, many more people can make decisions for themselves, because they have the information they need. And when more people make more of their own decisions, they are often more creative, more motivated, more dedicated. This means having many of the economic benefits of large organizations without having to give up the human benefits like motivation, creativity, and freedom. The most basic analyses would contrast the control, efficiency, and economy of centralization with the flexibility, empowerment, service level, and efficiency of decentralization in meeting business needs. A firm must examine the alignment between IT centralization and the need for information sharing in the organization. In firms that use a hierarchical structure, IT services and their management can be both centralized with IT specialists at the corporate level and decentralized with IT specialists placed in business units. Many experts are now offering shared internal services models as another hybrid way of solving the centralization vs.decentralization question. This model captures the economies of scale in centralization while keeping the support functions focused on the business units. The hybrid models combine centralized and decentralized approaches to IT delivery, suggesting that generic types of interaction between corporate IT and business units must exist. Research Papers on Centralized vs. Decentralized Methods in IT - Current Issues Research PaperOpen Architechture a white paperIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Project Managment Office SystemMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesResearch Process Part OneInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

Exercises Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exercises - Research Paper Example This gives the appearance that I am not in my room. I love my colleagues, but they often distract me with gossip and stories about their personal lives. I do not want to visit during my planning period. Each day I try to make concrete lesson plans for the next several days. I then review these plans and make adjustments at the end of each day. I never take lesson planning home with me. There is something about being in my classroom that actually helps me to visualize what will happen (or what is supposed to happen) with each lesson. Conversely, I never grade at school. Grading is kept for the end of the day. I actually find it relaxing in some ways. I will often put on soft background music and pour myself something refreshing to drink. Scoring writing does take more of my concentration. I usually will sit in my kitchen in silence to do this sort of grading. Everything else is done at a lap desk curled-up on the couch. Grading is usually the last chore I do before going to bed. I same all of my documents directly to the hard drive of my computer. I rarely back them up because my computer is synchronized with the servers at school each day. I probably should have my own personal back up on a thumb drive of some sort. This would be a good practice because the tech personnel at my school are not really all that good a retrieving lost information. I know some teachers that have lost hundreds of documents and have never gotten them back because a server malfunctioned. I think I’ll start using a thumb drive tomorrow. After viewing the video and reading the documents, I can see that I have good time management skills but there is room for improvement. I have a very good schedule for accomplishing all of the tasks required of a teacher, but I sometimes lack focus on those tasks. I do not group like tasks together very well. For example, I answer e-mails as they arrive in my mailbox all day long. This is not a good

Pop culture across cultures Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Pop culture across cultures - Assignment Example Walt Disney`s personages are often charming, attractive, and mostly traditional: princesses, princes, animals with extraordinary powers, villains. Disney chooses not to risk as Pixar producing films about an old man mourning his late wife or about a lonely robot cleaning the planet Earth from trash. So it was another good old story about a beautiful big-eyed and wasp-waisted princess who was waiting for true love to get rescued. But something went wrong†¦ In a couple of months after the release of the animation film the world got literally infected by â€Å"Frozen†-mania. The name of the main character became one of the most popular baby-girl names in Scandinavian countries and in Britain (not to mention America). YouTube got flooded with the videos in which the whole families, including toddlers and grandfathers, sing the songs from the animation film. I personally was impressed by the video of the head of the school who announced winter vacations with his own variant of â€Å"Let it go†. Children were ready to wait for more than five hours to meet Elza, Anna, and Olaf in Disney World. The hashtag #TheColdNeverBotheredMeAnyway got incredibly popular in so unexpectedly different groups and communities in Twitter and Instagram. The main theme of â€Å"Frozen† got a number of interpretations starting from divorce and autism and ending with the concept of homosexuality and transgender ( Lynskey). The answer why children are obsessed with â€Å"Frozen† seems obvious at first sight. It is the Walt Disney studio, it does not make bad movies, the company invests thousands and millions of dollars to make its animation colorful and realistic and attracts the best composers to create incredible soundtracks. But that is their general policy, and the number of films they produced before â€Å"Frozen† were made according to this high standards. I looked through the movies Disney created last five-six years and realized that I did not know the name of a

Luftwaffe's Failure to Win the Battle of Britain Essay

Luftwaffe's Failure to Win the Battle of Britain - Essay Example Britain planned for German invasion called operation sea lion and this plan was to establish German air superiority over southern England and the English Channel, and aimed at attacking RAF and anything attached to it (Turner, 2010, p.38) resulting to the first world’s strategic bombing campaign and battle in the air, the battle of Britain. During the opening phase of the battle of Britain, the German planned to gain air superiority and this resulted to an attack by the Luftwaffe on the RAF fighter airfields named Eagle Day (Wyatt, 1940). Luftwaffe decided to attack British domestic shipping in the English Channel to draw out the RAF and suppress their fighting strength and even though the Germans made daily strikes against ship convoys, after sometime, Luftwaffe lost about 248 fighters and bombers to RAF’s 148 fighters lost and this encouraged RAF to fight on and win the battle (Wyatt, 1940). This essay presents an account for the for the Luftwaffe’s failure to win the battle of Britain. Â   About twenty years ago, Europe lay at Hitler’s feet and Britain faced its darkest hour as it was outnumbered and friendless as the German force continued its advance and this made them to see their defeat as being inevitable and their victory became legendary. RAF focused on shooting down all German planes from northern as well as eastern France (Clayton & Craig, 2011, p.18). RAF had the high-performance Hawker Hurricane and Super marine Spitfire fighters whereas the Luftwaffe's principal fighter planes were the Messerschmitt Bf109, the Messerschmitt Bf110, and numerous bombers Wyatt, 1940). The Luftwaffe failed to win the battle because they failed to destroy the air defences of Britain to enable them launch an invasion- Operation Sea Lion, and they as well failed to bomb Britain into surrender since RAF had a well-established and effective spitfire and hurricanes controlled by advanced radar system and this prevented Luftwaffe from emerging v ictorious. Luftwaffe focused on using air campaign to threaten Britain and this campaign was aimed weakening RAF in order to make Britain vulnerable to attack from the air, and to fulfil the basic precondition of invasion by establishing air superiority over the invasion of the South East England (Bungay, 2010, p.27). At the beginning of the battle, Luftwaffe focused on attacking shipping in the English Channel as well as coastal towns but later on, Goering changed his focus to completely destroy RAF, by attacking airfields and their radar bases. When the battle commenced RAF had less than 500 aircraft that were not capable of reaching German territory and therefore, the British preparations was based on avoiding defeat and conquest (Overy,2010, p.6-7). Many factors can explain the Luftwaffe’s failure to win the battle of Britain and many scholars have contributed largely in providing an explanation of the air battle and how the air campaign was developed. Firstly, German pla nes were constructed and designed for short distance tactical tricks and local air superiority, they lacked heavy bombers (Wyatt, 1940), and they lacked quality fighters with the fuel endurance to act as escorts to the bombers they had. Germany lacked long-range bombers and was not able to field its first strategic bomber during the battle (Correll, 2008). On the contrary, Britain had a much more experienced and better equipped fighting force and generally, RAF was strong and massively outnumbered German forces. Accordingly, more and better British fighters were available and ready to help RAF during the battle